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Transitional vertebrae are congenital anomalies of vertebral segmentation that occur at the junction between two distinct regions of the spine. In dogs, the most commonly discussed form is the lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LTV), located at the junction between the seventh lumbar vertebra (L7) and the sacrum. The name alone makes it seem serious, but in reality, they are a relatively common congenital variation in the spine and in many cases, they don't lead to symptoms. Let’s break it down. What Is a Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebra?During embryologic development, vertebrae differentiate into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal segments. Transitional vertebrae arise when a vertebra at a regional boundary exhibits morphological characteristics of both adjacent regions. In the case of a lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LTV), the vertebra at the junction between the lumbar spine and the sacrum doesn’t form in a completely typical way. Sometimes the last lumbar vertebra partially “acts like” a sacral vertebra, meaning it may be partially fused to the sacrum or shaped more like it. In other cases, the first sacral segment may resemble a lumbar vertebra, with incomplete fusion or differently shaped side projections (called transverse processes). On radiographs, this can show up as:
How Common Are Transitional Vertebrae?Transitional vertebrae are not rare, and their prevalence varies depending on breed and how dogs are screened. Research has documented rates ranging from low single digits to well over 15% in certain working and sporting breeds. Differences in reported frequency often reflect variations in study design, classification criteria, and the populations being evaluated. As spine radiographs have become more common in orthopedic screening programs, transitional vertebrae are being identified and documented more frequently than in previous decades. Increased detection, however, does not necessarily mean increased severity. In many cases, it simply reflects improved screening and greater awareness. Do Transitional Vertebrae Cause Problems?The lumbosacral junction is an important biomechanical transition point in the spine. It transfers force from the spinal column to the pelvis and hind limbs. Because of this, structural variations at this junction can potentially influence how forces are distributed through the lower back. In some cases, transitional vertebrae may:
Certain forms, particularly those that are markedly asymmetric or structurally complex, have been associated in some studies with an increased risk of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis or cauda equina syndrome. However, many dogs with transitional vertebrae:
The presence of a transitional vertebra on radiographs does not automatically mean a dog will develop back problems. Severity and symmetry play a role. Mild, symmetrical transitional vertebrae are far less likely to carry clinical significance than pronounced asymmetry or more complex malformations. As with most orthopedic findings, radiographs must be interpreted alongside the individual dog’s clinical picture. What Does It Mean on an OFA Report?Transitional vertebrae are often identified during routine orthopedic screening, particularly when radiographs include the lumbosacral region. The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) will note transitional vertebrae as an incidental finding on both hip evaluations and formal spine evaluations. On OFA spine reports, the presence of a transitional vertebra is specifically indicated within the radiologist’s evaluation of the spinal segments. Importantly, OFA guidance states that transitional vertebrae are usually not associated with clinical signs and do not automatically disqualify a dog from being used in a breeding program. They recommend, when possible, breeding to dogs with a clear family history regarding transitional vertebrae. In other words, it is a structural variation to be aware of, not an automatic disqualification. Transitional Vertebrae and Hip Dysplasia Some studies have explored correlations between LTV and hip dysplasia, hypothesizing that altered lumbosacral mechanics may influence pelvic orientation and acetabular loading. While statistical associations have been documented in certain populations, LTV is not a causative diagnosis of hip dysplasia. Hip development is multifactorial and influenced by genetics, growth rate, environment, and overall conformation. Transitional vertebrae are one example of how radiographic findings require context and thoughtful interpretation. Structural variation does not automatically equate to dysfunction, and incidental findings should always be considered alongside the individual dog’s clinical picture.
As with most aspects of canine orthopedic health, informed evaluation and appropriate screening are key to making sound decisions.
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Over the past several months, there has been discussion regarding the circumstances under which Sabrina joined my program/my home. Rather than engaging in online debate, I am choosing to document the facts clearly and directly for anyone who values accurate information. On Timing of Her TransferSabrina joined my program earlier than the standard eight week placement timeline after mutual agreement between her breeder and myself. I did not request or pressure for early release. The breeder initiated the conversation about timing and asked whether I would be comfortable taking her earlier. I made it clear that I was comfortable with whatever timing she (the breeder) felt was appropriate. There have been claims that this was “illegal” due to California’s eight week statute. That statute regulates the retail sale of puppies by pet dealers. It applies to commercial transactions. It does not apply to a non-sale transfer between breeders, and in this case, no money exchanged hands. No sale occurred. The decision was collaborative, documented, and made in good faith. On Pick OrderIt has also been claimed that I coerced the breeder into giving me first pick of the litter. That is incorrect. I had second pick overall. The breeder wanted a male and I wanted a female. She selected first male pick, and I selected first female pick. Had we both wanted the same sex, I would have received second pick of that sex accordingly. This arrangement is reflected in the signed contract and is typical of stud service agreements. On Color SelectionThere is also a narrative suggesting that Sabrina was selected based on color. The entire litter was colorful. There were no black and white or "traditional" puppies. Several puppies in the litter carried or expressed additional color traits, including dilute and red. Full DNA panels were completed on the litter. If color had been my priority, I had options that would have increased color variation in my program. Sabrina does not even carry dilute. She was selected based on temperament and structure. At the time, I was not certain whether I would have another opportunity to retain a direct daughter of Calypso, so preserving a female descendant from that line was important to me. This litter was also a distant linebreeding on a dog I deeply admire for his temperament and whose breeder I was very close with prior to her passing. My decision to take a puppy from this pairing was rooted in those priorities, not coat color. I would have retained a puppy from this litter regardless of color. Color has never been a deciding factor in my breeding decisions. Finally,When I choose a puppy for my program, I prioritize temperament, structure, long term soundness, and alignment with my breeding goals. Documentation exists for the timing discussions, pick order agreement, and genetic testing referenced above.
Operating publicly invites scrutiny, and I understand that. What I will not do is allow misinformation regarding my integrity or decision making to stand unaddressed. For those who are genuinely curious and approaching this in good faith, I am always open to respectful, direct communication. Serious and respectful questions are welcome. My program has always been built on transparency, and that includes clarifying facts when needed. Sprite recently underwent a full reproductive evaluation with my repro veterinarian. This included a physical exam, semen collection and analysis, and assessment of sperm count, motility, and morphology. The results showed an absence of any sperm. Based on repeat evaluation and clinical assessment, Sprite has been determined to be completely infertile.
I am grateful to have definitive answers. But this was obviously not the outcome I had hoped for. Sprite is an exceptional little dog. He is confident, forward, socially secure, and very mentally resilient. He has substantial toy and food drive and a persistent, enthusiastic work ethic that makes him genuinely fun to train. He handles frustration and pressure with steadiness and clarity. He is athletic, expressive, and structurally correct. He is the kind of dog you build hopeful plans around! Part of my long term vision included thoughtfully incorporating him into the breeding program, particularly in the pursuit of well rounded, confident, performance minded BorderPaps and Papillons. Learning that he will not have puppies of his own was disappointing, and it would be dishonest to pretend otherwise. Transparency matters deeply to me in breeding. That includes sharing wins, successes, and exciting announcements but it also includes sharing setbacks and unexpected outcomes. Reproductive evaluations are a routine and responsible part of managing a breeding program. Not every dog, even an awesome one, will prove fertile. When new information becomes available, it is my responsibility to act accordingly and communicate clearly. This is especially important when dual sired breedings, long term goals, and future plans are involved. Clarity protects puppy buyers, preserves trust, and ensures that decisions are based on facts rather than assumptions. Sprite remains exactly who he was before that appointment. He will continue to train, travel, and live a rich and full life. He has an exceptional guardian home that loves him dearly, and with this new information, he will now be fully owned by them. His future is secure, uncomplicated, and filled with people who adore him! Breeding programs are built on genetics, health, temperament, structure, pedigrees... but they are also built on integrity. Not every plan unfolds as imagined. What matters most is responding with responsibility, adaptability, and care for the dogs at the center of it all. Sprite may not leave a legacy through offspring but he leaves his mark in other ways and I'm thankful for our time spent together. |
AuthorThe human behind the dogs. Archives
February 2026
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